Lithium-ion batteries have played a vital role in the development of electric vehicles and we love them for that. But at the same time, lithium is expensive to produce, unstable in high temperatures, ...

Ions move across cell membranes through either ion channels or ion pumps. Ions flow passively through ion channels, down electrical and concentration gradients, at speeds that can approach the ...

Whether it is determining the origin of pollutants, characterizing contaminants in food, imaging individual biological cells or putting a date to historical objects, scientists use ion beams to help ...